(1) Additive manufacturing process defects include surface defects and internal defects.
- Surface defects include poor surface roughness of parts, surface oxidation, spheroidization, surface cracks, etc.
- Internal defects include macroscopic defects such as cracks, lack of fusion, inclusions and cold shut-off defects, and microscopic defects such as holes, anisotropy, solute segregation and missing alloy elements.
(2) Features:
- The non-equilibrium solidification characteristics of additive manufacturing make the organization and structure of the part have new characteristics, such as highly refined solidification structure, expansion of the solid solution limit and new metastable conditions.
- Due to the processing strategy of layered superposition manufacturing, local heating and rapid cooling characteristics, various defects such as pores, cracks and the adhesion of unfused powder particles can usually be observed inside additive parts.
(3) Impact:
- It significantly reduces the mechanical properties of metal parts and becomes a source of fatigue failure. Therefore, the fatigue strength of additive parts is usually lower than that of forgings.
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