Heat rise of machine tools
- During the operation process, CNC machine tools themselves will generate a certain amount of heat, such as motor operation, component friction and other factors, which cause the temperature of the machine tool to continue to rise, causing adverse effects on components and structural systems such as tool displacement, part wear, thermal expansion of components, circuit burning and other phenomena in the machine tool, resulting in reduced processing accuracy of parts.
- In addition, most machine tools are installed in unventilated places, and external environmental conditions such as limited heat dissipation conditions will also cause temperature rise. This will increase the burden of machine tool operation and reduce the accuracy of part machining. In severe cases, it may cause mechanical failure, which directly affects the efficiency and quality of CNC machining of parts.
Error and wear of the tool itself
- The tool in the machine tool is also one of the machining parts. In its own production and processing process, there are geometric errors that affect the accuracy due to the limitations of processing conditions.
- During the installation of the tool, human operation will also affect the processing accuracy.
- During use, due to the long-term contact between the tool and the workpiece being processed, the deformation caused by friction and high temperature and other factors will also cause the tool to wear to varying degrees. Of course, when the wear accumulates to a certain extent, it will also have a significant impact on the CNC machining accuracy.
Processing position error
- The parts of CNC machine tools have basic error requirements such as surface, shape, curvature, and relative relationship. CNC machining must meet the design requirements of parts and achieve the performance and quality requirements of machining.
- During the machine tool machining process, affected by various factors such as transmission parts, rotary axes, and component friction, there are deviations in the accuracy of part appearance, size, relative relationship, etc., which reduces the accuracy of part machining. For example: During the machine tool machining process, an error in the swing angle of the machining axis will cause the part shape to deform, the accuracy to decrease, and even cause the parts to be scrapped in batches, causing significant economic losses to the company.
Processing system error
- The machine tool machining system of the CNC machine tool is the part that directly implements part machining. It is a whole that is composed of multiple subsystems and subcomponents in a certain way and operates together.
- The operation of each component will affect the machining accuracy of the entire machining system. Therefore, the system error is continuously generated by multiple components during installation and operation. The error of the machining system can only be minimized through technological progress and the improvement of construction progress.
Deformation error
- CNC machine tools will be affected by external forces during long-term processing and use, such as clamping force, gravity, friction, etc., which will cause deformation, loosening, elastic deformation, displacement and other deformation phenomena in the processing system of the machine tool, resulting in a decrease in the production accuracy and production efficiency of the machine tool.
- Under the influence of external forces, the machine tool will not only reduce the accuracy of production and processing, but also cause damage to the machine tool in severe cases, affecting its service life. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the study of the factors affecting external forces on CNC machine tools and reduce the impact on the machine tools.
